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1 Introduction1

1．1 Elements of a Digital Communication system1

1．2 Communication Channcls and Their Characteristics3

1．3 Mathematical Models for Communication Channels10

1．4 A Historical Perspective in the Development of Digital Communications13

1．5 Overview of the Book15

1．6 Bibliographical Notes and References16

2 Probability and Stochastic Processes17

2．1 Probability17

2．2 Stochastic Processes61

2．3 Bibliographical Notes and References75

Problems75

3．1 Mathematical Models for Information Sources80

3 Source Coding80

3．2 A Logarithmic Measure of Information82

3．3 Coding for Discrete Sources90

3．4 Coding for Analog Sources—Optimum Quantization103

3．5 Coding Techniques for Analog Sources121

3．6 Bibliographical Notes and References140

Problems141

4 Characterization of Communication Signals and Systems148

4．1 Representation of Band-Pass Signals and Systems148

4．2 Signal Space Representations158

4．3 Representation of Digitally Modulated Signals168

4．4 Spectral Characteristics of Digitally Modulated Signals201

4．5 Bibliographical Notes and References221

Problems222

5．1 Optimum Receiver for Signals Corrupted by Additive White Gaussian Noise231

5 Optimum Receivers for the Additive White Gaussian Noise Channel231

5．2 Performance of the Optimum Receiver for Memoryless Modulation254

5．3 Optimum Receiver for CPM Signals283

5．4 Optimum Receiver for Signals with Random Phase in AWGN Channel300

5．5 Performance Analysis for Wireline and Radio Communication Systems313

5．6 Bibliographical Notes and References318

Problems319

6 Carrier and Symbol Synchronziation333

6．1 Signal Parameter Estimation333

6．2 Carrier Phase Estimation338

6．3 Symbol Timing Estimation359

6．4 Joint Estimation of Carrier Phase and Symbol Timing366

6．5 Performance Characteristics of ML Estimators368

6．6 Bibliographical Notes and References371

Problems372

7 Channel Capacity and Coding376

7．1 Channel Models and Channel Capacity376

7．2 Random Selection of Codes392

7．3 Communication System Design Based on the Coutoff Rate402

7．4 Bibliographical Notes and References408

Problems409

8 Block and Convolutional Channel Codes416

8．1 Linear Block Codes416

8．2 Convolutional Codes471

8．3 Coded Modulation for Bandwidth-Constrained Channels—Trellis-Coded Modulation522

8．4 Bibliographical Notes and References539

Problems541

9 Signal Design for Band-Limited Channels548

9．1 Characterization of Band-Limited Channels548

9．2 Signal Design for Band-Limited Channels554

9．3 Probability of Error in Detection of PAM574

9．4 Modulation Codes for Spectrum Shaping578

9．5 Bibliographical Notes and References588

Problems588

10 Communication Through Band-Limited Linear Filter Channels598

10．1 Optimum Receiver for Channels with ISI and AWGN599

10．2 Linear Equalization616

10．3 Decision-Feedback Equalization638

10．4 Reduced Complexity ML Detectors647

10．5 Iterative Equalization and Decoding—Turbo Equalization649

10．6 Bibliographical Notes and References651

Problems652

11 Adaptive Equalization660

11．1 Adaptive Linear Equalizer660

11．2 Adaptive Decision-Feedback Equalizer677

11．3 Adaptive Equalization of Trellis-Coded Signals678

11．4 Recursive Least-Squares Algorithms for Adaptive Equalization682

11．5 Self-Rccovering (Blind) Equalization693

11．6 Bibliographical Notes and Refereneces704

Problems705

12 Multichannel and Multicarrier Systems709

12．1 Multichannel Digital Communications in AWGN Channels709

12．2 Multicarrier Communications715

12．3 Bibligraphical Notes and References723

Problems724

13 Spread Spectrum Signals for Digital Communications726

13．1 Model of Spread Spectrum Digital Communication System728

13．2 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Signals729

13．3 Frequency-Hopped Spread Spectrum Signals771

13．4 Other Types of Spread Spectrum Signals784

13．5 Synchronization of Spread Spectrum Systems786

13．6 Bibliographical Notes and References792

Problems794

14 Digital Communications through Fading Multipath Channels800

14．1 Characterization of Fading Multipath Channels801

14．2 The Effect of Signal Characteristics on the Choice of a Channel Model814

14．3 Frequency-Nonselective, Slowly Fading Channel816

14．4 Diversity Techniques for Fading Multipath Channels821

14．5 Digital Signaling over a Frequency-Selective, Slowly Fading Channel840

14．6 Coded Waveforms for Fading Channels852

14．7 Multiple-Antenna Systems878

14．8 Bibliographical Notes and References885

Problems887

15 Multiuser Communications896

15．1 Introduction to Multiple Access Techniques896

15．2 Capacity of Multiple Access Methods899

15．3 Code-Division Multiple Access905

15．4 Random Access Methods922

15．5 Bibliographical Notes and References931

Problesm933

Appendix A The Levinson-Durbin Algoritnm939

Appendix B Error Probability for Multichannel Binary Signals943

Appendix C Error Probabilities for Adaptive Reception of M-Phase Signals949

C．1 Mathematical Model for M-Phase Signaling Communication System949

C．2 Characteristic Function and Probability Density Function of the Phaseθ952

C．3 Error Probabilities for Slowly Rayleigh Fading Channels953

C．4 Error Probabilities for Time-Invariant and Ricean Fading Channels956

Appendix D Square-Root Factorization961

References and Bibliography963

Index993