现代英语标准发音PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

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Contents1

教学提示1

语调、重音和其他常用符号1

1 What Is a Good Pronunciation1

The Gimson Transcription for British General RP5

吉姆森英语普通型标准发音音标7

Tone Marks and other Typographical Conventions7

2　The Model of English Pronunciation 　　8

2.1 The choice of model8

2.2 Why should we choose British General RP as our model？9

2.3 Main differences between the Gimson Transcription and the Jones Transcription11

3 Two Stages in Learning English Phonemes14

3.1 Phonemes and their allophones14

3.2 Two stages in learning English phonemes16

3.3 Clipping18

4 Pronouncing Written Words20

4.1 Letters and sounds20

4.2 Pronouncing consonant letters c and g22

4.3 Pronouncing sh，ch and gh23

4.4 Pronouncing th23

4.5 Pronunciation，spelling and word stress24

4.6 Pronouncing single vowel letters25

4.7 Pronouncing vowel pairs26

4.8 Silent letters27

5 The Lungs and the Larynx29

5.1 The human speech mechanism29

5.2 The respiratory system31

5.3 The phonatory system32

5.4 Learning to control consciously the action of the vocal folds34

5.5 Identifying the voiced and voiceless sounds34

5.6 The linguistic usesof pitch35

6.1 Articulators in the vocal tract38

6 The Vocal Tract38

6.2 Places of articulation41

6.3 Manners of articulation44

7 Syllables，Stresses and Ton？c Syllables48

7.1　Syllables，vowels and consonants48

7.2 Levels of stress51

7.3 Tonic syllables52

7.3.1 Information words and English communication53

7.3.2 Structure words and English communication53

7.3.3 Tone-units and tonic stress54

7.4 Summary54

8.1 The cardinal vowels56

8 Front Vowels56

8.2 Classification of the English vowels60

8.3 Front vowels61

9 Central Vowels and Back Vowels71

9.1 Central vowels71

9.2 Back vowels77

10 Diphthongs89

10.1 Closing diphthongs89

10.2 Centring diphthongs101

11.1 The English consonant system107

11 Obstruents（1）107

11.2 Plosives109

11.2.1 Bilabial plosives/p，b/110

11.2.2 Alveolar plosives/t，d/111

11.2.3 Velar plosives/k，g/111

11.3 Affricates114

11.3.1 Palato-alveolar affricates/t∫，d？/115

12 Obstruents（2）117

12.1 Fricatives117

12.2 Labio-dental fricatives/f，v/117

12.3 Dental fricatives/θ，？/119

12.4 Alveolar fricatives/s，z/122

12.5 Palato-alveolar fricatives/∫，？/125

12.6 Glottal fricative/h/127

13 Sonorants129

13.1 Nasals/m，n，？/129

13.1.1　Bilabial nasal/m/129

13.1.2 Alveolar nasal/n/130

13.1.3 Velar nasal/？/132

13.2　Alveolar lateral approximant/l/134

13.3 Approximants136

13.3.1 Post-alveolar approximant/r/137

13.3.2 Palatal approximant/j/140

13.3.3 Labial-velar approximant/w/142

14.1.1 Syllable onsets145

14 The English Syllable145

14.1 The structure of the English syllable145

14.1.2 Syllable codas149

14.2 The-s inflectional ending150

14.3 The-ed inflectional ending151

14.4 Syllabification152

15 Word Stress Patterns156

15.1 Stress and prominence156

15.2 Primary and secondary stress157

15.3 Word stress patterns158

15.4 Compound words159

15.5 Word-class pairs161

16 Weak Forms and Rhythm163

16.1 Weak forms163

16.1.1 Conjunctions163

16.1.2 Pronouns164

16.1.3 Verbs164

16.1.4 Determiners166

16.1.5 Prepositions166

16.1.6 There167

16.2 Contracted forms167

16.3 The use of strong forms167

16.4 Rhythm and stress169

17 The Intonation Mark System173

17.1 A transcribed text173

17.2 What is intonation？176

17.3 Tone-unit components177

17.4 Reading the intonation marks179

17.4.1 Nuclear tone marks179

17.4.2 Stress marks in the tail181

17.4.3 Stress marks in the head182

18 Functions of Intonation185

18.1 The organization of information185

18.2 The realization of communicative functions186

18.3 The demonstration of syntactic structures188

18.4 The expression of attitude191

18.4.1 Major declaratives191

18.4.2 Minor declaratives193

18.4.3 Wh-interrogatives193

18.4.4 Yes/No interrogatives194

18.4.5 Tag interrogatives194

18.4.6 Imperatives195

18.4.7 Exclamatives195

19.1.1 CC consonant clusters197

19.1 Clusters in the onset197

19 Consonant Clusters197

19.1.2 CCC consonant clusters200

19.2 Clusters in the coda201

19.2.1 Stop+stop201

19.2.2 Plosive+nasal203

19.2.3 /t/or/d/+/l/204

19.2.4 Consonant+/s，z，t，d/205

19.2.5 Consonant+/θ/or/？/206

19.2.6 /1/+consonant207

19.2.7 Nasal+consonant207

19.2.8 Longer consonant clusters at word boundaries207

20.1 Assimilation209

20 Natural Processes209

20.2 Elision212

20.3 Liaison214

20.4 Juncture217

21 English Prosody（1）219

21.1 Chinese prosody219

21.2 English prosody220

21.3 Iambic verse221

21.4 Anapaestic verse223

21.5 Trochaic verse224

21.6 Dactylic verse225

21.7 Variation in rhythm226

21.8 Truncation227

21.9 Mixed substitution228

21.10 Less commonly used feet229

21.11 Run-on verse231

21.12 Caesura232

22 English Prosody（2）234

22.1 Rhyme234

22.2 Definition of rhyme234

22.3 Masculine rhyme235

22.4 Feminine rhyme236

22.6 The leonine237

22.5 Internal rhyme237

22.7 Assonance238

22.8 Consonance238

22.9 Alliteration239

22.10 Rhyme scheme241

22.10.1 Stanzaic verse241

22.10.2 The septet242

22.10.3 Triplet243

22.10.4 The quintet245

22.10.5 The sestet246

22.10.6 The octave246

22.10.7 The Spenserian stanza248

22.10.8 The sonnet249

23 Teaching Methods256

23.1 Vowels256

23.2 Consonants257

23.3 Syllables260

23.4 Word stress261

23.5 Intonation262

23.6 Adjustments in connected speech263

23.7 Using the pronouncing dictionaries265

Answers Section268

References291