英语写作知识与技能PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

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Chapter One Fundamental Knowledge1

1.1 General Remarks1

1.2 Basic Rules of Manuscript Form2

1.2.1 Arrangement3

1.2.2 Word Division5

1.2.3 Capitalization6

1.3 Handwriting10

1.4 Punctuation11

1.4.1 The Comma11

1.4.2 The Period14

1.4.3 The Semicolon15

1.4.4 The Colon16

1.4.5 The Question Mark17

1.4.6 The Exclamation Mark17

1.4.7 Quotation Marks18

1.4.8 Parenthesis/Brackets20

1.4.9 The Dash21

1.4.10 The Slash23

1.4.11 Ellipsis/Dots24

1.4.12 The Apostrophe24

1.4.13 The Hyphen25

1.4.14 Underlining and Italics26

ASSIGNMENTS:28

Chapter Two Phraseology32

2.1 General Remarks32

2.2 Types of Words32

2.3 Sorts of Lexical Item33

2.3.1 Synonymy33

2.3.2 Gradable Antonymy36

2.3.3 Hyponymy38

2.3.4 Polysemy39

2.3.5 Homonymy41

2.4 Levels of Words44

2.4.1 Common Words45

2.4.2 Formal Words48

2.4.3 Informal Words49

2.5 Meaning of Words59

2.5.1 Contextual Meaning61

2.5.2 Denotative Meaning63

2.5.3 Connotative Meaning64

2.6 Choice of Words68

2.6.1 Essential Points of Choosing Words69

2.6.2 General and Specific Words84

2.6.3 Vitality of Some Words90

2.7 Appreciation of Skillful Diction93

ASSIGNMENTS:95

Chapter Three Making Right and Effective Sentences101

3.1 General Remarks101

3.2 Types of Sentences103

3.2.1 The Use of Sentences103

3.2.2 The Structure of Sentences111

3.2.3 The Rhetorical Form of Sentences117

3.3 Effective Sentences123

3.3.1 Correctness of Sentences123

3.3.2 Unity of Sentences124

3.3.3 Coherence of Sentences128

3.3.4 Conciseness of Sentences135

3.3.5 Emphasis of Sentences141

3.3.6 Variety of Sentences149

ASSIGNMENTS:157

Chapter Four Rhetorical Devices167

4.1 General Remarks167

4.2 The Function of Figures In Writing168

4.3 Commonly Used Figures170

4.3.1 Simile170

ASSIGNMENTS:178

4.3.2 Metaphor179

ASSIGNMENTS:187

4.3.3 Metonymy191

4.3.4 Synecdoche199

ASSIGNMENTS:204

4.3.5 Personification206

ASSIGNMENTS:210

4.3.6 Euphemism212

ASSIGNMENTS:218

4.3.7 Overstatement219

4.3.8 Understatement222

ASSIGNMENTS:226

4.3.9 Irony227

4.3.10 Alliteration230

ASSIGNMENTS:232

4.3.11 pun234

4.3.12 Oxymoron238

4.3.13 Paradox242

ASSIGNMENTS:244

4.3.14 Transferred Epithet245

4.3.15 Zeugma249

ASSIGNMENTS:252

4.3.16 Parody254

ASSIGNMENTS:265

Chapter Five The Practical Writing266

5.1 General Remarks266

5.2 Types of Practical Writing267

5.2.1 Notices267

5.2.2 Notes269

ASSIGNMENTS:277

5.2.3 Letters278

5.2.4 Resumes309

ASSIGNMENTS:322

Chapter Six The Paragraph323

6.1 General Remarks323

6 2 Features of a Paragraph325

6.2.1 About Unity327

6.2.2 About Completeness328

6.2.3 About Coherence329

6.3 Structure of a Paragraph332

6.3.1 The topic sentence332

6.3.2 Developing sentences(or Supporting details)343

6.3.3 The concluding sentence343

6.4 How to write good paragraphs344

6.5 Appreciation of effective paragraphs346

ASSIGNMENTS:348

6.6 Ways of Expanding a Paragraph353

6.6.1 Expansion by Time354

ASSIGNMENTS:357

6.6.2 Expansion by Process357

ASSIGNMENTS:358

6.6.3 Expansion by Space359

ASSIGNMENTS:361

6.6.4 Expansion by Example or illustration362

ASSIGNMENTS:364

6.6.5 Expansion by Comparison and Contrast365

ASSIGNMENTS:370

6.6.6 Expansion by Cause and Effect372

ASSIGNMENTS:376

6.6.7 Expansion by Classification379

ASSIGNMENTS:381

6.6.8 Expansion by Definition384

ASSIGNMENTS:387

Chapter Seven Organizing the Whole Composition391

7.1 General Remarks391

7 2 Basic Principles397

7.3 Structure of Writing398

7.3.1 Opening Paragraph399

7.3.2 Body Paragraph403

7.3.3 Concluding Paragraph406

7.4 Stages of Writing410

7.4.1 Basic stages410

7.4.2 Specific steps412

7.5 Samples of the whole composition415

ASSIGNMENTS:419

Chapter Eight Types of Writing420

8.1 General Remarks420

8.2 Different Types of Compositions of TEM-4420

8.2.1 The Outlining Composition420

8.2.2 The Graphic Composition428

8.2.3 The Set-situational Composition431

ASSIGNMENTS:434

8.3 Description435

8.3.1 Description of a person436

8.3.2 Description of a scene/scenery439

8.3.3 Description of an object442

8.3.4 Description of a Place444

ASSIGNMENTS:447

8.4 Narration451

8.4.1 Structure and composition452

8.4.2 Basic requirements of writing a Narrative453

8.4.3 Samples453

ASSIGNMENTS:458

8.5 Exposition461

8.5.1 Function of Exposition463

8.5.2 Skill of Writing Exposition464

8.5.3 Common Ways of Writing Exposition464

ASSIGNMENTS:467

ASSIGNMENTS:468

ASSIGNMENTS:471

ASSIGNMENTS:474

ASSIGNMENTS:479

ASSIGNMENTS:484

8.5.4 Appreciation of Common Expositions486

8.6 Argumentation490

8.6.1 Striking features of argumentation491

8.6.2 Samples494

ASSIGNMENTS:499

8.7 Writing Different Compositions by Assigning Subjects504

Chapter Nine The Summary,Brief Comment and Book Report512

9.1 General Remarks512

9.2 Practice of Writing Summary,Brief Comment,and Book Report513

9.2.1 The Summary513

9.2.2 The Brief Comment519

9.2.3 The Book report528

ASSIGNMENTS:548

Chapter Ten The Academic Paper551

10.1 General Remarks551

10.2 General Principles and Techniques552

10.3 Layout and Process563

10.3.1 Layout563

10.3.2 Process564

10.4 Format565

10.4.1 Overall arrangement565

10.4.2 Styles of documentation566

10.5 Samples of Academic Papers571

ASSIGNMENTS:640

APPENDIX641

BIBLIOGRAPHY663