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CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION1

1.1 Background of the Problem1

1.2 Statement of the Problem7

1.3 Objectives7

1.4 Significance of the Book7

1.5 Organization of the Book8

CHAPTER TWO: THE LEGAL PROTECTION OF PRODUCER'S RIGHTS AS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS UNDER ETHIOPIAN LAWS10

2.1. Brief Introduction to Intellectual Property Rights and Copyright10

2.1.1. Concept and Scope of Intellectual Property Rights10

2.1.2. The Nature of Copyright12

2.1.2.1. General12

2.1.2.2. Under the Ethiopian Legal Systems15

2.1.3 Author' s and/or Copyright Owner's Rights18

2.1.3. 1 Economic rights20

2.1.3.2 Moral Rights30

2.1.4 Limitations on the Author's or Copyright Owner's Rights40

2.1.4.1. Reproductions for Personal Purposes41

2.1.4.2. Quotation43

2.1.4.3. Reproduction for Teaching44

2.1.4.4. Reproduction by Libraries, Archives and Similar Institutions45

2.1.4.5. Reproduction, Broadcasting and Other Communication to the Public for Informatory Purpose47

2.1.4.6. Reproduction and Adaptation of Computer Programs49

2.1.4.7. Importation for Personal Purposes49

2.1.4.8. Private Performance Free of Charge50

2.1.4.9. Issuance of Non- voluntary license51

2.1.4.10. Display of Works and Distribution of Copies of Works52

2.1.4.11. Lapse of Duration of Economic Rights53

2.2 Neighboring Rights55

2.2.1 Origin and Development of Neighboring Rights55

2.2.2 Nature of Neighboring Rights and Justifications for Protection59

2.2.2.1 Nature of Neighboring Rights59

2.2.2.2 Justifications for the Protection of Neighboring Rights62

2.3 Scope of Application of the Proclamation on Neighboring Rights64

2.4 Rights of Producers as Subject Matter for Neighboring Rights65

2.4.1 Reproduction66

2.4.2 Rental or Lending Rights68

2.4.3 Distribution Right69

2.4.4 Importation Right70

2.4.5 Right of Making Available71

2.5 Limitations of the Rights of Producers73

2.6 The Requirement of Labeling a Sound Recording for Commercial Purposes77

2.7 Rights of Participation of the Producer and Performer79

CHAPTER THREE: INFRINGEMENT OF THE RIGHTS OF PRODUCER OF SOUND RECORDINGS AND THE AVAILABLE REMEDIES82

3.1 Infringement on Producer's Rights82

3.1.1 Introduction82

3.1.2 Meaning of Infringement: A Definitional Problem82

3.1.3. Kinds of Infringement87

3.1.3.1 Direct Infringement87

3.1.3.2. Indirect (Contributory) Infringement92

3.2 Reasons for Taking Actions against Infringement94

3.3 Pool of Infringement99

3.4 Remedies to Infringements on Producer's Rights100

3.4.1 Introduction100

3.4.2 Civil Remedies102

3.4.2.1 Provisional Measures104

3.4.2.2 Injunctive relief106

3.4.2.3 Damages114

3.4.2.4. Destruction of Illegal Copies119

3.4.2.5. Border Measures121

3.4.3. Criminal Sanctions122

3.4.4. Period of Limitation124

CHAPTER FOUR: ENFORCEMENT OF THE RIGHTS OF PRODUCER OF SOUND RECORDINGS: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS125

4.1 Brief Analysis of the Existing Problems125

4.1.1 The Problem of Piracy125

4.1.2 Methods and Extent of Infringements129

4.1.3 Means and Outlets of the Infringement133

4.1.4 Causes of Infringement135

4.2 Problems in the Laws (Legal Problems)138

4.2.1 Problems of clarity138

4.2.1.1 Moral Damages138

4.2.1.2 Criminal Sanctions140

4.2.1.3 Jurisdiction of Courts140

4.2.1.4 Permanent Injunction141

4.2.1.5 Meaning of Infringement142

4.2.2 Problems as to Gaps142

4.2.2.1 Adaptation Right142

4.2.2.2 Nominal Damages143

4.2.2.3 Punitive Damages145

4.2.2.4 Moral Rights145

4.2.2.5 Assignment and License of Economic Rights146

4.2.2.6 Regulations and Directives146

4.2.2.7 Temporary Injunction on Financial Incapacity147

4.2.3 Possibility of Abusing "Private Use" Limitation148

4.3 Extra Legal Problems148

4.3.1 Problems Affiliated With Enforcement Bodies148

4.3.1.1 The Executive Branch148

4.3.1.2 The Judiciary150

4.3.1.3 The Trade Licensing Authority150

4.3.2 Lack of Awareness: The Right holders as Well as the Public151

4.3.3 Lack of Organized Professional Associations153

4.3.4 The Issue of Mobile Vendors154

4.3.5 Lack of Continuous Coverage in the Media155

4.4 Changes (Prospects) for the Enforcement of Rights of Producers155

4.4.2 Accession to WTO157

4.4.3 Establishment of an Independent Ethiopian Intellectual Property Office158

4.4.4 The Move for the Establishment of Collective Copyright Management Society160

4.4.5 Activities Done by the Ethiopian Audio-Visual Producer Association161

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS164

Bibliography172