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THE RIGHT TO HEALTH IN INTENATIONAL LAWPDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

THE RIGHT TO HEALTH IN INTENATIONAL LAW
  • JOHN TOBIN 著
  • 出版社: OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
  • ISBN:0199603294
  • 出版时间:2012
  • 标注页数:416页
  • 文件大小:22MB
  • 文件页数:438页
  • 主题词:

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图书目录

Introduction1

Ⅰ Clarifying expectations6

Ⅱ Constructing a meaning for the right to health8

A The history of the right to health8

B The conceptual foundations of the right to health9

C The need for a persuasive methodology10

D The meaning of health11

E The obligation of states to recognize the right to health11

1 Charting the History of the Right to Health14

Ⅰ Introduction14

Ⅱ From invisible to inalienable: the recognition of the right to health16

Ⅲ The origins of the right to health19

A The need to navigate the dangers of excessive liberalism and collectivism19

B The nexus between war, rights, health, and peace23

C The WHO and the right to the highest attainable standardof health27

D The adoption of the UDHR and its aftermath-a common enemy unites then the Cold War divides30

E Using history to understand the meaning of the right to health33

Ⅳ The role of public health in delivering the right to health34

A The ancient commitment to collective action to protect health34

B The reality of mixed motivations underlying collective health measures35

C The rise and fall of the Enlightenment36

D State expansion and the Industrial Revolution-towards an instrumentalist vision of public health37

E The rebirth of rights and the struggle for justice38

F Transforming national differences into an international commitment39

Ⅴ Conclusion: looking into and beyond the history of the right to health41

2 The Right to Health-Its Conceptual Foundations44

Ⅰ Introduction44

Ⅱ The preliminary question: the need to interrogate the conceptual foundations of the right to health?47

Ⅲ The conceptual foundations of the right to health49

A Looking for foundations in incompletely theorized agreements49

B The idea of a human right to health50

C Grounding rights in interests52

D A social interest theory of rights54

E Dignity as both coterminous and foundational56

F Beyond individualism57

G Dynamic but not arbitrary59

Ⅳ Dealing with the detractors: a defence of the right to health60

A The libertarian objection60

B The status objection63

C The formulation objection65

D The relativist challenge67

E The resource allocation dilemma69

Ⅴ Conclusion-an imperfect but good justification73

3 A Methodology to Produce a Meaning for the Right to Health75

Ⅰ Introduction75

Ⅱ The act of interpretation: from intentionalism to persuasion78

Ⅲ Defining the interpretative community-moving beyond states towards a communitarian model81

Ⅳ Seeking to persuade by constructive engagement86

A Providing a transparent account of the interpretative process86

B The features required for constructive engagement88

Ⅴ Conclusion-towards a common understanding118

4 The Meaning of the Highest Attainable Standard of Health121

Ⅰ Introduction121

Ⅱ The scope of the interest in which the right to health is grounded123

A The distinct nature of the international formulation123

B The meaning of health125

C Moving beyond a biomedical definition of health126

D The danger associated with inflating the right to health130

Ⅲ The freedoms associated with health132

A The right to sexual and reproductive freedom-an adolescent perspective133

B Freedom from medical experimentation144

C Freedom from non-consensual medical treatment144

Ⅳ The qualitative nature of the entitlements under the right to health158

A Availability159

B Accessibility167

Ⅴ Conclusion-a socially manageable meaning of health173

5 The Obligation to Recognize the Right to Health by All Appropriate Means175

Ⅰ Introduction175

Ⅱ The obligation to 'take steps'177

Ⅲ The meaning of 'all appropriate means'178

A A margin of discretion178

B Legislative measures179

C Using the tripartite typology to identify 'other appropriate measures'185

D Using the work of the human rights treaty monitoring bodies to develop an understanding as to the nature of'appropriate measures'197

Ⅳ Conclusion-moving towards a sufficiently specified account of the measures required to secure the right to health224

6 The Progressive Obligation to Realize the Right to Health225

Ⅰ Introduction225

Ⅱ The meaning of'maximum available resources'226

A Towards a dynamic understanding of available resources226

B Developing social resources230

C Seeking international co-operation as a source of resources231

Ⅲ The progressive nature of a state's obligations and the process for prioritization232

A The need for a dialogue232

B Addressing the resource allocation dilemma235

Ⅳ The concept of minimum core obligations238

A Genesis and inflation238

B In search of a principled basis for minimum core obligations241

C In search of a practical content for the minimum core obligations under the right to health243

Ⅴ Conclusion-progressive as a pragmatic and principled process252

7 Specific Measures Required to Secure the Right to Health254

Ⅰ Introduction254

Ⅱ The obligation to diminish infant and child mortality255

Ⅲ The obligation to provide medical assistance and health care, especially primary health care261

A Introduction261

B The emphasis on primary health care263

Ⅳ The obligation to combat disease and malnutrition267

A Introduction267

B Disease prevention269

Ⅴ The obligation to ensure occupational health and safety286

Ⅵ The obligation to provide pre-natal and post-natal health care for mothers287

A A progressive or immediate obligation287

B The meaning of 'appropriate' pre- and post-natal care289

Ⅶ The obligation to raise awareness and ensure access to information concerning health291

A Introduction291

B The information about health which all segments of society are entitled to receive291

Ⅷ The obligation to develop preventive health care, guidance for parents, and family planning education and services296

A Introduction296

B The obligation to develop preventive health care297

C The obligation to develop guidance for parents298

D The obligation to develop family planning education and services299

Ⅸ Conclusion-deference with limits301

8 The Obligation to Abolish Traditional Practices Harmful to Health303

Ⅰ Introduction303

Ⅱ The nature of a state's obligation-making progress towards effective abolition305

Ⅲ The practices to be abolished: 'traditional practices prejudicial to the health of children'306

A Prejudice to health as a contested concept306

B The identification of those practices to be abolished307

Ⅳ Measures to abolish traditional practices prejudicial to a child's health314

A Case study: female genital cutting314

B The problem of classification315

C The nature and health consequences of the practice316

D The measures to be adopted by states317

Ⅴ Conclusion-the need for a culturally sensitive approach323

9 The International Obligation to Secure the Right to Health325

Ⅰ Introduction325

Ⅱ The nature and scope of the international obligation to co-operate327

A A vision of qualified solidarity327

B The obligation to promote and encourage co-operation under the CRC329

C A tripartite international obligation331

Ⅲ Case study: the impact of the international obligation to co-operate on access to medicines351

A The dilemma: Intellectual property rights v access to medicines351

B Can TRIPS be justified?354

C Trade law and human rights-in search of system coherence364

D TRIPS and access to medicines-adjusting and reviewing expectations366

Ⅳ Conclusion368

Conclusion371

Appendix376

Select Bibliography381

Index403

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