亚热带常绿阔叶林生物地球化学与台风干扰 英文PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

亚热带常绿阔叶林生物地球化学与台风干扰 英文PDF格式电子书版下载

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1. Introduction1

1.1 Characteristics of the Okinawan Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest and Its Importance for Sustainable Management1

1.2 Overview of Nutrient Cycling in Forest Ecosystems2

1.3 Effects of Typhoon Disturbances on Forest Ecosystems5

1.4 Motives for the Present Synthesis7

1.5 The Contents and Organization of the Book8

1.6 Summary10

2. Study Site Characterization11

2.1 Study Area11

2.2 Climate11

2.3 Topographic Trait and Soils13

2.4 Vegetation14

3. Soil Properties, Organic Carbon, and Nutrient Pools15

3.1 Introduction15

3.2 Study Approach16

3.2.1 Forest Floor and Mineral Soil Sampling17

3.2.2 Experimental Design in the Study18

3.2.3 Statistical Analysis and Data Treatment19

3.3 Forest Floor Mass and Carbon and Nutrient Pools20

3.3.1 Carbon and Nutrient Pools20

3.3.2 Topographic Effects22

3.4 Soil Properties and Carbon and Nutrient Pools23

3.4.1 Soil Properties23

3.4.2 Carbon and Nutrient Pools27

3.4.3 Cluster Analysis of Soil Data28

3.5 Summary30

4. Forest Structure, Species Diversity, Regeneration and Primary production31

4.1 Introduction31

4.2 Experimental Approach33

4.2.1 Field Survey33

4.2.2 Species Diversity Indices36

4.2.3 Forest Biomass Estimation37

4.3 Forest Structure and Floristics42

4.3.1 Structural Characteristics42

4.3.2 Floristic Composition and Tree Species Diversity44

4.3.3 Understory Tree Species Diversity46

4.3.4 Controls of Species Diversity47

4.3.5 Discussion of Species Diversity47

4.4 Forest Regeneration Characteristics49

4.4.1 Stand Density49

4.4.2 Regeneration Strategies of Canopy Dominants50

4.4.3 Restoration of Stand Structure53

4.5 Aboveground Biomass and Nutrient Accumulation55

4.5.1 Aboveground Biomass55

4.5.2 Carbon and Nutrient Storage in Biomass57

4.5.3 Discussion on Biomass Estimation and Nutrient Storage59

4.6 Summary60

5. Organic Matter and Nutrient Dynamics in Litter Production62

5.1 Introduction62

5.2 Approaches to Forest Litterfall Measurement63

5.2.1 Litterfall Measurement63

5.2.2 Chemical Analysis66

5.2.3 Data Treatment67

5.3 Litterfall Production67

5.3.1 Amount and Seasonality of Litterfall67

5.3.2 Nutrient Inputs by Litterfall72

5.4 Effects of Typhoon Disturbance on Litterfall and Related Nutrient Input76

5.5 Discussion79

5.5.1 Litter Production79

5.5.2 Nutrient Concentration and Inputs81

5.5.3 Nutrient Use Efficiency in Litter Production82

5.5.4 Effects of Typhoon Disturbances84

5.6 Summary85

6. Carbon and Nutrient Dynamics in Decomposing Foliar Litter87

6.1 Introduction87

6.2 Factors Affecting the Decomposition Process89

6.2.1 Litter Quality89

6.2.2 Climate90

6.2.3 Site-specific Variables91

6.2.4 Human Activity92

6.3 Approaches to the Study of Litter Decomposition92

6.3.1 Mass Balance Method92

6.3.2 Litterbag Method93

6.3.3 Experimental Design in the Study94

6.3.4 Chemical Analysis96

6.3.5 Data Analysis97

6.4 Nutrients Dynamics in Decomposing Foliar Litter97

6.4.1 Weight Loss and Decomposition Rate97

6.4.2 Initial Foliar Litter Quality101

6.4.3 Nutrient Dynamics101

6.5 Discussion107

6.5.1 Dry Mass Loss and Decomposition Rate107

6.5.2 Initial Litter Quality and Nutrient Dynamics108

6.6 Summary115

7. Nutrient Fluxes in Precipitation, Throughfall, Stemflow and Soil Water117

7.1 Introduction117

7.2 Methodology of Study of Forest Hydrology119

7.2.1 Research Forest Stand119

7.2.2 Hydrological Measurements120

7.2.3 Chemical Analysis122

7.2.4 Data Analysis123

7.3 Rainfall Partitioning123

7.3.1 Precipitation and Canopy Interception123

7.3.2 Surface Runoff and Soil Lateral Flow126

7.4 Nutrient Fluxes128

7.4.1 Precipitation, Throughfall and Stemflow128

7.4.2 Soil Water131

7.5 Discussion132

7.5.1 Distribution of Rainfall Components132

7.5.2 Nutrient Inputs in Precipitation135

7.6 Summary138

8. Effects of Typhoon Disturbances on Stream Water Chemistry139

8.1 Introduction139

8.2 Methodology in the Study140

8.3 Temporal Patterns of Stream Water Chemistry141

8.3.1 Physicochemical Properties of Stream Water141

8.3.2 Temporal Patterns of Streamwater Chemistry143

8.3.3 Average Streamwater Concentrations During and After Typhoon Season147

8.4 Discussion148

8.4.1 Controls of Streamwater Chemistry148

8.4.2 Effects of Typhoon Disturbance on Streamwater Chemistry150

8.5 Summary152

9. Integration and Opportunities153

9.1 Within Stand Nutrient Cycling, Nutrient Transfer Pathway, and Nutrient Use Efficiency153

9.1.1 Nutrient Cycling within the Ecosystem153

9.1.2 Nutrient Transfer Pathway157

9.1.3 Nutrient Use Efficiency158

9.2 Effects of Typhoon Disturbance on Nutrient Cycling160

9.3 Control of Forest Structure and Productivity163

9.4 Future Opportunities167

9.5 Summary169

References171

Appendix Ⅰ205

Appendix Ⅱ207