宇宙学 第2版 影印本PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

宇宙学 第2版 影印本PDF格式电子书版下载

注意：本站所有压缩包均有解压码： 点击下载压缩包解压工具

Introduction1

PART Ⅰ1

1 What is cosmology?13

The Universe13

Cosmology15

The magic universe17

The mythic universe17

The anthropometric universe19

Cosmology and society20

Reflections21

Projects25

Further reading26

Sources26

2 Early scientific cosmology28

The beginning of western science28

Plato's universe29

Three cosmic systems of the ancient world29

The Aristotelian universe30

The Epicurean universe33

The Stoic universe34

The mystery religions34

The medieval universe35

The heliocentric universe37

The infinite universe38

Reflections42

Projects45

Further reading46

Sources46

3 Cartesian and Newtonian world systems49

The decline of Aristotelian science49

The Cartesian world system51

The Newtonian world system54

Newton and the infinite universe60

The atomic theory61

Reflections61

Projects63

Further reading64

Sources64

4 Cosmology after Newton and before Einstein66

Hierarchical universes66

The nebula hypothesis70

Cosmical islands70

The new astronomy73

The Victorian universe77

The age problem78

Fall of the Victorian universe80

Reflections81

Projects83

Further reading83

Sources84

5 Stars87

The distant stars87

A forest of stars89

Inside the stars93

Nuclear energy95

Birth of stars100

The star is dead!Long live the star!103

Reflections105

Projects110

Further reading111

Sources112

6 Galaxies113

Our Galaxy113

The distant galaxies119

Birth of galaxies123

Radio galaxies and quasars126

Reflections129

Projects131

Further reading132

Sources132

7 Location and the cosmic center134

The location principle134

The isotropic universe137

The cosmological principle138

Perfect cosmological principle140

Reflections141

Projects145

Further reading145

Sources145

8 Containment and the cosmic edge147

The containment principle147

The cosmic edge149

Containment of space and time153

Design argument155

Many physical universes156

Theistic and anthropic principles157

Whither the laws of nature?159

Containment riddle161

Reflections162

Projects166

Further reading167

Sources167

9 Space and time169

Space169

Space and time171

Time172

The"now"176

Time travel178

Atomic time179

Reflections180

Projects184

Further reading185

Sources185

PART Ⅱ185

10 Curved space189

Euclidean geometry189

Non-Euclidean geometry190

Measuring the curvature of space194

The"outstanding theorem?196

Riemannian spaces198

Reflections199

Projects203

Further reading204

Sources204

11 Special relativity206

New ideas for old206

The strangeness of spacetime207

Travels in space and time210

Reflections214

Projects218

Further reading218

Sources219

12 General relativity220

Principle of equivalence220

A closer look222

Geometry and gravity224

Tidal forces225

Theory of general relativity228

Tests of general relativity233

Mach's principle236

Reflections239

Projects243

Further reading244

Sources245

13 Black holes246

Gravitational collapse246

Curved spacetime of black holes248

Rotating black holes253

Superholes257

Miniholes258

Black-hole magic259

Hawking radiation260

Black holes are heat engines263

Reflections264

Projects267

Further reading268

Sources268

14 Expansion of the universe270

The great discovery270

The expanding space paradigm275

The expanding rubber sheet universe275

Measuring the expansion of the universe285

The velocity-distance law287

Accelerating and decelerating universes289

Classifying universes290

Reflections292

Projects299

Further reading300

Sources300

15 Redshifts302

Cosmic redshifts302

The three redshifts306

Two basic laws307

Distances and recession velocities309

Cosmological pitfalls309

Redshift curiosities311

Refections314

Projects320

Sources321

16 Newtonian cosmology323

Static Newtonian universe323

Expanding cosmic sphere326

Cosmological constant331

Why does Newtonian cosmology give the same answer?332

Reflections333

Projects336

Further reading337

Sources337

17 The cosmic box339

The universe in a nutshell339

Particles and waves341

Thermodynamics and cosmology344

Where has all the energy gone?348

Reflections350

Projects353

Sources353

18 The many universes355

Static universes355

De Sitter universe358

Friedmann universes359

Oscillating universes362

Friedmann-Lema？tre universes363

Classification of universes365

Universes in compression368

Universes in tension369

Worlds in convulsion371

Kinematic relativity373

Continuous creation374

Scalar-tensor theory376

Reflections379

Projects383

Further reading384

Sources384

19 Observational cosmology387

Introduction387

Cosmography387

Local observations388

Intermediate-distance observations397

Large-distance observations400

Is the universe open or closed?403

Reflections404

Projects407

Further reading408

Sources408

PART Ⅲ413

20 The early universe413

The primeval atom413

The last fifteen billion years415

The first million years416

The first second419

The first hundred microseconds422

Grand unified era427

Reflections428

Projects435

Further reading436

Sources436

21 Horizons in the universe438

What are cosmological horizons?438

Horizons in static universes439

The horizon riddle441

The horizon problem442

Hubble spheres443

Reception and emission distances444

The photon horizon in cosmology446

The particle horizon447

Conformal diagrams449

Event horizons451

Reflections454

Projects457

Sources457

22 Inflation458

Perfect symmetry458

The monopole problem458

Discovery of inflation459

Cosmic tension459

Inflation460

Inflation solves the monopole problem463

Inflation solves the flatness problem463

Inflation solves the horizon problem465

Nonluminous matter467

The origin of galaxies468

Reflections470

Projects472

Further reading472

Sources473

23 The cosmic numbers474

Constants of nature474

The cosmic connection479

Magic numbers480

Solving the cosmic connection483

Reflections486

Projects490

Further reading490

Sources490

24 Darkness at night491

The great riddle491

Two interpretations493

Halley's shells494

Bright-sky universes497

The paradox resolved499

"The golden walls of the universe"502

The celebrated hypothesis503

Expansion and darkness503

Reflections506

Projects513

Further reading513

25 Creation of the universe515

Cosmogenesis Ⅰ515

Creation myths515

Genesis518

Cosmogenesis Ⅱ519

Cosmogenesis Ⅲ520

Fitness of the universe522

Fitness and creation523

Theistic theories523

Anthropic theories524

Spontaneous creation theories524

Natural selection theories525

Eschatology526

Reflections528

Projects532

Further reading532

Sources533

26 Life in the universe535

Origin of life on Earth535

The exuberant Earth537

The evolution of life538

Natural selection540

Intelligent life542

What is life?542

Life beyond the Earth543

Epilogue547

Reflections547

Projects551

Further reading552

Sources553

Appendix-Fundamental quantities555

Index557