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Lesson 1 Use of Words1

1．Types of Words1

2．Use of Proper Words in Proper Places4

3．Further Tips for the Choice of Words7

4．Formation of English Words12

Exercises14

Lesson 2 Sentence Making18

1．Basic Elements of a Sentence18

2．Types of Sentences18

3．Effective Sentences23

Exercises30

Lesson 3 Effective Sentence Writing34

1．Coordination34

2．Subordination39

3．Variation of Sentence Patterns42

Exercises45

Lesson 4 Major Elements of a Good Paragraph50

1．Unity50

2．Coherence53

3．Focus60

4．Completeness62

5.Brevity65

Exercises67

Lesson 5 Paragraph Structure and Type72

1.Three Parts of a Paragraph72

2.Types of Paragraph82

Exercises90

Lesson 6 Paragraph Development96

1.Planning a Paragraph96

2.Developing a Paragraph by Time98

3. Developing a Paragraph by Space100

4. Developing a Paragraph by Process103

5. Developing a Paragraph by Citing Statistics105

6. Developing a Paragraph by Comparison and Contrast106

7. Developing a Paragraph by Exemplification108

8. Developing a Paragraph by Cause and Effect110

9. Developing a Paragraph by Definition112

10. Developing a Paragraph by Classification114

Exercises115

Lesson 7 Basic Steps of Writing an Essay121

1.Getting Started and Selecting a Topic121

2.Narrowing Down the Topic and Writing a Thesis Statement122

3.Outlining123

4.Writing the First Draft126

5.Revising and Editing130

Exercises132

Lesson 8 Narration134

1.Definition134

3.Types of Narration135

2.Basic Elements of Narration135

4.Tips for Narrative Writing139

Exercises145

Lesson 9 Description148

1.Definition148

2.Basic Elements of Description148

3.Basic Types of Description149

4.Tips for Writing Descriptions155

Exercises161

Lesson 10 Exposition（Ⅰ）-Definition163

1.Definition of Exposition163

2.Basic Elements of Exposition163

3.Types of Techniques Used in Expository Writing164

4.Types of Definition164

Exercises172

Lesson 11 Exposition（Ⅱ）-Classification and Division175

1.Definition of Classification and Division175

3.Principles of Classification and Division179

2.Basic Elements of Classification and Division179

Exercises186

Lesson 12 Exposition（Ⅲ）-Illustration188

1.Definition188

2.Types of Illustration188

3.Basic Elements of Illustration192

4.Tips for Using Illustration193

Exercises198

2.Purpose of Writing Comparison and Contrast200

Lesson 13 Exposition（Ⅳ）-Comparison and Contrast200

1.Definition200

3.Pattern of Comparison and Contrast201

4.Tips for Writing Comparison and Contrast204

Exercises208

Lesson 14 Exposition（Ⅴ）-Cause and Effect210

1.Definition210

2.Basic Types of Cause-and-effect Pattern211

3.Tips for Writing Cause-and-effect Essay213

Exercises216

Lesson 15 Argumentation219

1.Definition219

2.Basic Elements of Argumentation219

3.Principles of Argumentative Writing220

4.How to Organise an Argument220

Exercises229

1.Greetings and Formal Invitations233

Lesson 16 Practical Writing（Ⅰ）-Greetings,Formal Invitations and Personal Letters233

2.Personal Letters236

Exercises248

Lesson 17 Practical Writing（Ⅱ）-Notes,Letters of Application and Resumé250

1.Notes250

2.Letters of Application255

3.Résumé259

Exercises263

3.Elements of a Good Summary265

2.Purpose of Summary265

Lesson 18 Summary Writing265

1.Definition265

4.Basic Steps of Writing a Summary266

Exercises274

Lesson 19 Figures of Speech278

1.Simile278

2.Metaphor279

3.Personification279

4.Metonymy279

5.Hyperbole280

6.Understatement280

7.Euphemism281

8.Irony281

9.Alliteration281

10.Synecdoche282

11.Onomatopoeia282

13.Parallelism283

12.Antithesis283

14.Oxymoron284

15.Pun284

Exercises285

Lesson 20 Punctuation287

1.Comma287

2.Period289

3.Semicolon289

4.Colon290

5.Quotation Marks291

6.Question Mark292

7.Exclamation Mark293

8.Parentheses and Brackets293

9.Dash293

10.Italics and Underlining294

Exercises295