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公共演讲的艺术 第7版 英文PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

公共演讲的艺术 第7版 英文
  • (美)格赖斯,(美)斯金纳著 著
  • 出版社: 北京:中国人民大学出版社
  • ISBN:9787300164809
  • 出版时间:2012
  • 标注页数:412页
  • 文件大小:197MB
  • 文件页数:446页
  • 主题词:英语-演讲-语言艺术

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图书目录

1.An Introduction to Public Speaking1

2.The Ethics of Public Speaking16

3.Speaking Confidently32

4.Responding to Speeches52

5.Analyzing Your Audience74

6.Selecting Your Speech Topic94

7.Researching Your Topic112

8.Supporting Your Speech132

9.Organizing the Body of Your Speech154

10.Introducing and Concluding Your Speech172

11.Outlining Your Speech188

12.Wording Your Speech206

13.Delivering Your Speech224

14.Using Presentational Aids242

15.Speaking to Inform260

16.The Strategy of Persuasion280

17.The Structure of Persuasion298

18.Speaking on Special Occasions324

19.Speaking in and as a Group338

Appendix:Sample Speeches357

Chapter 1 An Introduction to Public Speaking1

Why Study Public Speaking?2

Personal Benefits2

Professional Benefits3

Public Benefits3

Definitions of Communication4

Levels of Communication6

Intrapersonal Communication7

Interpersonal Communication7

Group Communication7

Public Communication8

Mass Communication8

Elements of Communication9

Speaker10

Message10

Listener10

Feedback10

Channel11

Environment11

Noise12

The public Speaker as Critical Thinker12

Theory into Practice:Thinking about Speaking14

Summary14

Exercises15

Chapter 2 The Ethics of Public Speaking16

Definition of Ethics18

Principles of Ethics19

Ethicai Speaking20

Speak Up about Topics You Consider Important20

Choose Topics That Promote Positive Ethical Values21

Speak to Benefit Your Listeners21

Use Truthful Supporting Material and Valid Reasoning22

Consider the Consequences of Your Words and Actions22

Strive to Improve Your Public Speaking23

Ethical Listening23

Seek Exposure to Well-Informed Speakers23

Avoid Prejudging Speakers or Their Ideas23

Evaluate the Speaker's Logic and Credibility24

Beware of the Consequences of Not Listening Carefully24

Fair Use Guidelines25

Plagiarism26

Theory into Practice:Civility in the Classroom30

Summary30

Exercises31

Chapter 3 Speaking Confidently32

Recognize That Speaker Nervousness Is Normal34

Control Speaker Nervousness37

Learn How to Build Speaker Confidence37

Know How You React to Stress37

Know Your Strengths and Weaknesses38

Know Speech Principles38

Speaking with Confidence:Mariely Sanchez-Moronta,Marymount Manhattan College39

Know That It Always Looks Worse from the Inside39

Know Your Speech39

Believe in Your Topic40

View Speech Making Positively40

Visualize Success41

Project Confidence41

Theory into Practice:Gaining Perspective42

Test Your Message42

Practice Your Delivery43

Prepare Your First Speech43

Understand the Assignment44

Develop Your Speech Content44

Organize Your Speech45

Word Your Speech47

Practice Your Speech48

Deliver Your Speech48

Evaluate Your Speech49

Ethical Decisions:Being Yourself50

Summary51

Exercises51

Chapter 4 Responding to Speeches52

The Importance of Listening55

Listening versus Hearing55

Listening Is Intermittent56

Listening Is a Learned Skill56

Listening Is Active56

Listening Implies Using the Message Received56

The Process of Listening57

Receive57

Select57

Interpret58

Understand58

Evaluate58

Resolve58

Obstacles to Effective Listening59

Physical Distractions59

Physiological Distractions59

Psychological Distractions59

Factual Distractions59

Semantic Distractions60

Promoting Better Listening60

Desire to Listen60

Focus on the Message61

Listen for Main Ideas61

Understand the Speaker's Point of View61

Reinforce the Message62

Provide Feedback63

Listen with the Body63

Withhold Judgment63

Speaking with Confidence:Rachel Agustin,Radford University64

Listen Critically64

Critiquing Speeches65

Begin with a Positive Statement66

Target a Few Key Areas for Improvement67

Organize Your Comments67

Be Specific67

Be Honest but Tactful68

Personalize Your Comments68

Reinforce the Positive68

Problem-Solve the Negative69

Provide the Speaker with a Plan of Action69

End with a Positive Statement69

Theory into Practice:Critiquing a Classmate70

Acting on Criticism70

Focus on What Your Critics Say,Not How They Say It72

Seek Clear and Specific Feedback72

Evaluate the Feedback You Receive72

Develop a Plan of Action72

Summary73

Exercises73

Chapter 5 Analyzing Your Audience74

Recognize the Value of Audience Diversity76

Analyze Your Audience before the Speech78

Analyze Audience Demographics78

Speaking with Confidence:Krystal Graves,West Texas A&M University79

Analyze Audience Psychographics82

Analyze Audience Needs83

Analyze Specific Speaking Situations86

Analyze Your Audience during the Speech88

Theory into Practice:Using an Audience Questionnaire89

Ethical Decisions:Ghosting 10190

Analyze Your Audience after the Speech91

Summary92

Exercises92

Chapter 6 Selecting Your Speech Topic94

Generate Ideas96

Self-Generated Topics97

Speaking with Confidence:Bryan McClure,Virginia Tech University99

Audience-Generated Topics99

Occasion-Generated Topics100

Research-Generated Topics101

Focus Your Topic102

Theory into Practice:Selecting Your Topic103

Determine Your General Purpose105

Speeches to Inform105

Speeches to Persuade106

Speeches to Entertain106

Formulate Your Specific Purpose106

Word Your Thesis Statement107

Develop Your Speech Title108

Ethical Decisions:Should Instructors Censor?109

Summary110

Exercises110

Chapter 7 Researching Your Topic112

Assess Your Personal Knowledge115

Develop Your Research Plan115

Theory into Practice:Developing Personal Speech Resources116

Collect Your Information116

The Internet116

Library Resources117

Magazines and Journals117

Newspapers119

Government Documents120

Books120

Reference Works121

Television and Radio123

Interviews123

Speaking with Confidence:Matthew Williams,Radford University124

Calling,Writing,and Emailing for Information125

Record Your Information127

What to Record127

How to Record Information127

Ethical Decisions:The Privacy of Public Information128

Conclude Your Search130

Summary130

Exercises131

Chapter 8 Supporting Your Speech132

Purposes of Supporting Materials134

Clarity134

Vividness135

Credibility135

Types of Supporting Materials136

Examples136

Definition138

Narration140

Comparison141

Contrast141

Statistics142

Testimony143

Tests of Evidence144

Is the Evidence Quoted in Context?144

Is the Source of the Evidence an Expert?146

Is the Source of the Evidence Unbiased?146

Is the Evidence Relevant?146

Is the Evidence Specific?147

Is the Evidence Sufficient?147

Is the Evidence Timely?147

Evaluating Electronic Information148

Purpose148

Expertise148

Objectivity149

Accuracy149

Timeliness149

Citing Your Sources149

Ethical Decisions:Biased Sources:To Use or Not to Use150

Speaking with Confidence:Elisabeth Pallante,Radford University150

Theory into Practice:Information for Oral Footnotes151

Summary152

Exercises152

Chapter 9 Organizing the Body of Your Speech154

Formulate an Organizing Question156

Divide the Speech into Key Ideas157

Topical Division157

Chronological Division158

Spatial Division159

Speaking with Confidence:Corey Town,San Antonio College159

Causal Division160

Pro-Con Division160

Mnemonic or Gimmick Division161

Problem-Solution Division162

Need-Plan Division163

Develop the Key Ideas163

Signpost the Idea164

State the Idea164

Support the Idea165

Summarize the Idea166

Connect the Key Ideas166

Theory into Practice:Applying The“4 S's”167

Ethical Decisions:Crunch Time169

Summary170

Exercises170

Chapter 10 Introducing and Concluding Your Speech172

Organize the Introduction of the Speech174

Get the Attention of Your Audience174

Speaking with Confidence:Jacquine Stenz,Montana State University176

State Your Topic179

Establish the Importance of Your Topic179

Establish Your Credibility to Speak on Your Topic180

Preview Your Key Ideas180

Put It All Together181

Organize the Conclusion of the Speech182

Summarize Your Key Ideas182

Activate Audience Response183

Provide Closure184

Put It All Together184

Theory into Practice:Outward Method of Speech Development185

Ethical Decisions:Revealing versus Concealing Your Purpose186

Summary186

Exercises187

Chapter 11 Outlining Your Speech188

Functions of Outlining190

Tests Scope of Content190

Tests Logical Relation of Parts190

Tests Relevance of Supporting Ideas191

Checks Balance of Speech192

Seryes as Delivery Notes192

Principles of Outlining192

Singularity192

Speaking with Confidence:Alana Kwast,San Antonio College193

Consistency193

Adequacy193

Uniformity194

Parallelism194

Stages of Outlining194

The Working Outline195

Theory into Practice:Visual Brainstorming196

The Formal Outline197

The Speaking Outline200

Ethical Decisions:Fair and Balanced?203

Summary204

Exercises204

Chapter 12 Wording Your Speech206

Functions of Language208

Communicate Ideas208

Send Messages about User208

Strengthen Social Bonds209

Serve as Instrument of Play209

Speaking with Confidence:Suzanne L.Hamilton,San Antonio College209

Check Language Use210

Principles of Effective Language Use211

Use Language Correctly211

Use Language Clearly212

Use Language Vividly213

Use Language Inclusively218

Use Oral Style220

Theory into Practice:Keys to Effective Oral Style220

Ethical Decisions:Doublespeak or Clearspeak221

Summary222

Exercises222

Chapter 13 Delivering Your Speech224

Principles of Nonverbal Communication226

Speaking with Confidence:Michael Gino,Suffolk County Community College,Selden,New York227

Methods of Delivery227

Speaking Impromptu228

Speaking from Memory228

Speaking from Manuscript228

Speaking Extemporaneously228

Qualities of Effective Delivery230

Elements of Vocal Delivery231

Rate and Pause231

Volume232

Pitch and Inflection233

Voice Quality234

Articulation and Pronunciation234

Elements of Physical Delivery235

Appearance235

Posture236

Theory into Practice:Dressing fot Address236

Facial Expression237

Eye Contact237

Movement238

Gestures238

Ethical Decisions:Delivery versus Content239

Summary240

Exercises240

Chapter 14 Using Presentational Aids242

The Importance of Using Presentational Aids244

Increases Message Clarity244

Reinforces Message Impact244

Speaking with Confidence:Lauren Fishman,Suffolk County Community College,Selden,New York245

Increases Speaker Dynamism245

Enhances Speaker Confidence245

Types of Presentational Aids246

Objects246

Pictures246

Diagrams247

Graphs248

Charts249

Maps249

Film and Video250

Handouts251

Audio and Other Aids251

Projection of presentational Aids252

Slides252

Transparencies252

Opaque Projections253

Computer Graphics253

Strategies for Using Presentational Aids253

Before the Speech253

Theory into Practice:Designing Transparencies and Slides254

During the Speech256

Ethical Decisions:Fair Use or Copyright Infringement257

Summary258

Exercises259

Chapter 15 Speaking to Inform260

Characteristics of a Speech to Inform262

Informative Speech Topics264

Speeches about People264

Speaking with Confidence:Patty Pak,Virginia Tech University265

Speeches about Objects265

Speeches about Places266

Speeches about Activities and Events267

Speeches about Processes268

Speeches about Concepts268

Speeches about Conditions269

Speeches about Issues270

Guidelines for Speaking to Inform271

Stress Your Informative Purpose271

Be Objective271

Theory into Practice:Organizing Informative Speeches272

Be Specific273

Ethical Decisions:Managing Bias in an Informative Speech273

Be Clear274

Be Accurate274

Limit Your Ideas and Supporting Materials274

Be Relevant274

Use Appropriate Organization275

Use Appropriate Forms of Support275

Use Effective Delivery275

Annotated Sample Speech:Renaissance Fairs:The New Vaudeville276

Summary278

Exercises278

Chapter 16 The Strategy of Persuasion280

The Importance of Persuasion282

A Definition of Persuasion283

Types of Inffuence283

Change284

Instill284

Intensify284

Types of Persuasive Speeches285

Speeches to Convince285

Speeches to Actuate285

Speeches to Inspire286

Persuasive Speaking Strategies286

Establish Your Credibility286

Speaking with Confidence:Gene Fox,San Antonio College287

Focus Your Goals289

Ethical Decisions:Dynamism:Masking or Making Credibility290

Connect with Your Listeners291

Organize Your Arguments293

Support Your Ideas294

Enhance Your Emotional Appeals294

Theory into Practice:Developing Emotional Appeals295

Summary296

Exercises297

Chapter 17 The Structure of Persuasion298

Making and Refuting Arguments300

Steps of an Argument300

Refuting an Argument301

Types of Argument302

Argument by Example302

Argument by Analogy303

Argument bv Cause304

Argument bv Deduction306

Argument by Authority308

Speaking with Confidence:Brian Davis,Virginia Tech University308

Theory into Practice:Testing Your Arguments309

Fallacies of Argument309

Hasty Generalization310

False Analogy310

Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc310

Slippery Slope311

Red Herring311

Appeal to Tradition312

False Dilemma312

False Authority313

Bandwagon314

Ad Hominem314

Selecting Propositions for Persuasive Speeches315

Characteristics of Propositions315

Types of Propositions316

Monroe's Motivated Sequence317

Annotated Sample Speech:Sustainable Giving319

Summary322

Exercises323

Chapter 18 Speaking on Special Occasions324

The Speech of Introduction326

The Speech of Presentation327

The Acceptance Speech329

The Speech of Tribute330

The Speech to Entertain331

Theory into Practice:Appearing on Video332

The Impromptu Speech334

The Question-Answer Period334

Ethical Decisions:How(and Whether)to Polish a Bad Apple336

Summary337

Exercises337

Chapter 19 Speaking in and as a Group338

Small-Group Communication and Public Speaking340

Small Groups Defined340

Types of Groups341

Group Discussion and Decision Making342

Principles of Group Decision Making343

The Process of Group Decision Making344

The Responsibilities of Group Members346

The Responsibilities of Group Leaders348

The Group presentation350

Formats for the Presentation350

Preparing a Group Presentation351

Speaking with Confidence:Cynthia Opakunle,Radford University352

Ethical Decisions:Leader and Member Responses When Groups Fail353

Theory into Practice:Developing a Presentational Style353

Summary354

Exercises355

Appendix:Sample Speeches357

Endnotes375

Glossary387

Name Index395

Subject Index399

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