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Chapter 1.Introduction to the Law of Remedies1

Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller Remedies in a Traditional Private Case3

Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Remedies in a Public Law Case4

Abram Chayes，The Role of the Judge in Public Law Litigation5

Remedies：Public and Private8

Chapter 2.Sources and Limits of the Courts’ Remedial Pow-er10

A.“Where There’s a Right，There’s a Remedy”12

Bivens v.Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics12

Notes18

B.Limits on the Courts’ Remedial Power20

Schweiker v.Chilicky20

Notes26

A Digression：Remedial Choice in the Statutory Context27

A Further Digression：Official Immunity，Sovereign Immuni-ty，and the Eleventh Amendment29

Vicki C.Jackson，The Supreme Court，The Eleventh Amendment，and State Sovereign Immunity30

Rizzo v.Goode36

Notes41

United States v.City of Philadelphia42

Notes48

Chapter 3.The Nature，Availability，and Scope of Injunc-tions51

A.The Nature of An Injunction51

Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） The Choice Between an Injunction and Damages51

B.Plaintiff’s Rightful Position as the Measure of an Injunction55

Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Defining the Right-ful Position55

Mt.Healthy City School District Board of Education v.Doyle56

Notes59

Note on Rightful Position as Reconsideration or Remand in Administrative Law60

B.Plaintiff’s Rightful Position as the Measure of an Injunction—Continued62

Problem62

Newman v.Alabama63

Notes65

C.The Prerequisites for Injunctive Relief66

1.Threat of Harm66

Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） The Threat of Harm66

Hecht Co.v.Bowles67

Notes71

Note on the Relationship Between Threat of Harm and the Scope of an Injunction72

City of Los Angeles v.Lyons74

Notes83

2.Inadequate Remedy at Law85

Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） The Choice Between Legal and Equitable Remedies85

Note on the Maxims of Equity86

Note on the Declining Importance of the Inadequate Remedy at Law Rule88

Laycock，The Death of the Irreparable Injury Rule89

Note on Whether to Abandon the Inadequacy Requirement90

Alan Schwartz，The Case for Specific Performance92

Notes95

Note on Legislative Variations on the Inadequacy Require-ment in Administrative Law96

3.Practicality of Enforcement97

D.Granting Less or More Than Plaintiff’s Rightful Position100

1.Granting Less Than Plaintiff’s Rightful Position：Balanc-ing the Equities100

Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Balancing the Equities100

Note on When Injunctions Are Efficient101

Smith v.Staso Milling Co104

Notes106

Brown v.Board of Education （Brown Ⅱ）110

Notes112

Problem113

Tennessee Valley Authority v.Hill113

Notes121

Weinberger v.Romero-Barcelo121

Notes128

David Schoenbrod，The Measure of an Injunction：A Princi-ple to Replace Balancing the Equities and Tailoring the Remedy130

Note on Balancing in Administrative Enforcement133

D.Granting Less or More Than Plaintiff’s Rightful Position-Continued133

2.Granting More Than Plaintiff’s Rightful Position：Pro-phylactic Orders133

Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Prophylactic Orders133

Swann v.Charlotte.Mecklenburg Board of Education137

Notes144

Problems147

3.Injunctions That Harm Persons Not Adjudged to Have Violated Plaintiffs’ Rights151

Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Injunctions That Harm the Innocent151

Martin v.Wilks154

Notes160

E.Specific Remedies Other Than Injunctions161

Chapter 4.Procedures for Formulating，Administering，and Enforcing the Injunction165

A.Procedures for Obtaining Injunctive Relief165

1.Types of Injunctions165

Problem：Unauthorized Merchants168

2.Standards for Granting Preliminary Relief168

Chalk v.United States District Court169

Notes173

John Leubsdorf，The Standard for Preliminary Injunctions173

American Hospital Supply Corporation v.Hospital Products Limited179

Notes182

Problems183

3.The Security Requirement183

（a） The Amount of Security183

（b） Collecting on the Security185

B.Formulating and Administering the Injunction185

Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Drafting and Ad-ministering an Injunction185

1.Drafting the Injunction185

Special Project—The Remedial Process in Institutional Re-form Litigation186

Curtis J.Berger，Away From the Court House and Into the Field.The Odyssey of a Special Master191

Hart v.Community School Board200

Curtis J.Berger，Away From the Court House and Into the Field：The Odyssey of a Special Master205

Notes208

2.Administering the Injunction209

Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Determining Compliance With an Injunction209

B.Formulating and Administering the Injunction—Continued Developments in the Law—Injunctions210

James A.Henderson，Jr.＆ Richard A.Pearson，Implement-ing Federal Environmental Policies：The Limits of Aspira-tional Commands212

Notes214

Special Project—The Remedial Process in Institutional Re-form Litigation216

Notes219

David I.Levine，The Authority for the Appointment of Remedial Special Masters in Federal Institutional Reform Litigation：The History Reconsidered220

Illinois v.Costle222

Notes224

Murray Levine，Charles P.Ewing ＆ David I.Levine，The Use of Law for Prevention in the Public Interest225

Note230

Michael Lottman，Enforcing Judicial Decrees：Now Comes the Hard Part230

Problems232

3.Accommodating Changing Circumstances：Modification of the Decree232

Timothy S.Jost，From Swift to Stotts and Beyond：Modifica-tion of Injunctions in the Federal Courts233

Note on Modification of a Permanent Injunction234

Problems235

Firefighters Local Union No.1784 v.Stotts236

Notes246

4.Retaining，Closing and Re.opening a Case247

Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Obtaining Re-lease From an Injunction247

Morgan v.Nucci248

Notes253

United States v.Overton254

Dowell v.Board of Education260

Notes262

C.Resistance to the Decree263

1.The Contempt Power264

Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Civil or Crimi-nal Contempt264

Hicks on Behalf of Feiock v.Feiock265

Notes on In Personam Versus In Rem Enforcement273

Notes on the Classification of Contempt Proceedings273

Notes on the Elements of Contempt274

Notes on Sanctions276

Problem：Dr.Morgan and Ms.Bouknight277

Notes on Procedures278

C.Resistance to the Decree—Continued279

Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Violating an Anticipated Order279

Griffin v.County School Board of Prince Edward County279

Notes on Getting Tricky With a Court284

Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） The Collateral Bar Rule286

In re Providence Journal Co286

Notes on the Collateral Bar Rule293

2.Enforcement Against Persons Who Are Not Parties295

Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Injunctions That Require The Cooperation Of Nonparties295

State University of New York v.Denton295

Notes on Injunctions Against Nonparties298

United States v.Hall300

Notes304

Note on Washington v.Washington State Commercial Pas-senger Fishing Vessel Assoc305

Note on Notice306

3.Enforcement Against the Government307

Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Injunctions That Require the Cooperation of Public Officials307

Notes on Virginia v.West Virginia310

Note on Why Courts so Rarely Try to Override Legislatures313

Note on How the Eleventh Amendment Complicates Enforce-ment313

Jenkins v.Missouri319

Notes on the Judicial Power to Override Legislative Choices326

United States v.City of Yonkers328

Spallone v.United States338

Notes on Tactics to Override Legislative Decisions347

Alexander Bickel，The Least Dangerous Branch352

Chapter 5.Declaratory Judgment358

Aetna Life Insurance Co.v.Haworth361

Notes364

Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Declaratory Judg-ment365

Cunningham Brothers，Inc.v.Bail366

Notes369

Note on Jurisdiction Under the Federal Declaratory Judgment Act371

Note on the Eleventh Amendment and Declaratory Judgment372

Poe v.Ullman374

Notes377

Note on Resolving Uncertainty in the Enforcement of Regulations378

Note on Reformation381

Chapter 6.Criminal and Civil Sanctions383

A.Distinguishing Criminal and Civil Sanctions383

Kennedy v.Mendoza-Martinez384

United States v.Halper388

United States v.Salerno394

Notes399

Notes on Differences Between Civil and Criminal Proceedings400

B.Principle of Proportionality403

Solem v.Helm403

Notes411

Note on Sentencing413

United States Sentencing Commission，Sentencing Guidelines for United States Courts414

Notes420

Report of Independent Counsel in In re Edwin Meese Ⅲ422

Note426

Problem427

C.Punitive Damages428

Grimshaw v.Ford Motor Co428

Juzwin v.Amtorg Trading Corp.（Juzwin Ⅰ）435

Juzwin v.Amtorg Trading Corp.（Juzwin Ⅱ）441

Notes443

D.Civil Economic Sanctions447

William Drayton，Economic Law Enforcement447

Notes456

United States v.Coastal States Crude Gathering Co459

Calero-Toledo v.Pearson Yacht Leasing Co461

Notes464

Chapter 7.Money Judgments：Damages and Restitution466

Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） The Damages Option466

A.Introduction466

Charles McCormick，Handbook on the Law of Damages466

Bowen v.Massachusetts467

Notes473

Problem：Miller v.Insurance Company （A Variation） Damages，or “Equitable Monetary Relief”？476

Memphis Community School District v.Stachura476

Notes482

B.The Basic Issues486

Charles McCormick，Handbook on the Law of Damages486

Notes487

Problems493

C.An Overview of Tort Damages494

Ayers v.Jackson Township494

Notes507

Note，California’s Collateral Source Rule and Plaintiff’s Receipt of Uninsured Motorist Benefits514

D.An Overview of Contract Damages518

Great American Music Machine，Inc.v.Mid-South Record Press-ing Co518

Notes525

Justin Sweet，Liquidated Damages in California531

E.An Overview of Restitution535

Restatement of Restitution535

Restitution：Concepts and Terms535

1.The Substantive Basis for Unjust Enrichment Claims537

Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Restitution for Benefits Conferred537

Kossian v.American National Insurance Co538

Notes541

Note on the Substantive Law of Restitution543

2.The Elements of the Restitutionary Award545

Hutchison v.Pyburn545

Notes on Rescission and Restitution548

Notes550

3.Measuring the Restitutionary Recovery553

Olwell v.Nye ＆ Nissen553

Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） A Restitution Option？555

Ramona Manor Convalescent Hospital v.Care Enterprises556

Notes557

Notes on Measuring the Restitutionary Recovery558

4.Equitable Restitutionary Remedies562

Latham v.Father Divine562

Restatement of Restitution563

North American Coin ＆ Currency，Ltd.v.Eastlic564

Notes566

The Corporation of the President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints v.Jolley568

Notes570

United States v.Banco Cafetero Panama573

Notes578

Snepp v.United States581

Notes586

Problem：Moore v.Regents of the University of California589

F.A Closer Look：Some Transsubstantive Issues589

1.The Plaintiff’s Cause of Action：Tort，Contract，or Resti-tution？589

Seaman’s Direct Buying Service，Inc.v.Standard Oil Compa-ny of California589

Notes596

Problem：Expectation，Reliance or Restitution？600

2.Elements of the Award602

Bell v.City of Milwaukee602

Notes606

F.A Closer Look：Some Transsubstantive Issues—Continued610

3.Measuring the Damages610

（a） Value610

Ohio v.Department of the Interior610

Problems619

Notes620

（b） Time and Value624

Redevelopment Agency of the City of Burbank v.Gil-more624

Notes627

Note，Interest as Damages in California628

Notes629

Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Prejudg-ment Interest630

Pretre v.United States630

Notes636

4.Limits on Recovery639

（a） Avoidable Consequences and Offsetting Benefits639

Munn v.Southern Health Plan，Inc639

Notes645

Notes on Offsetting Benefits646

Charles J.Goetz ＆ Robert E.Scott，Measuring Sellers’Damages：The Lost Profits Puzzle646

Notes647

（b） Foreseeability648

Evra Corp.v.Swiss Bank Corp648

Notes655

（c） Certainty657

Evergreen Amusement Corp.v.Milstead657

Notes659

5.Managing Damages Actions：The New Public Law Liti-gation？660

Peter H.Schuck，The Role of Judges in Settling Complex Cases：The Agent Orange Example660

Notes665

Abram Chayes，The Role of the Judge in Public Law Litiga-tion665

Richard L.Marcus，Public Law Litigation and Legal Schol-arship665

Notes669

Chapter 8.Collection of Monetary Judgments671

A.Provisional Relief671

Fuentes v.Shevin671

Notes680

Mitchell v.W.T. Grant Co681

Notes685

North Georgia Finishing，Inc.v.Di-Chem，Inc.685

A.Provisional Relief—Continued Notes689

B.Post-Judgment Relief691

1.Basic Collection Strategy691

James J.Brown，Collecting a Judgment691

Notes694

Kahn v.Berman695

Notes700

2.Exempt Property701

Gutterman v.First National Bank of Anchorage701

Notes706

In the Matter of Carol J.v.William J707

Notes709

3.Foreclosure Sales711

Griggs v.Miller711

Notes712

4.Body Execution714

Landrigan v.McElroy714

Notes718

Chapter 9.Conduct of the Plaintiff：Bars to Obtaining Re-lief719

Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Plaintiff’s Conduct720

A.Unclean Hands and In Pari Delicto721

Keystone Driller Co.v.General Excavator Co722

Notes725

Clinton E.Worden ＆ Co.v.California Fig Syrup Co726

Notes728

Bateman Eichler，Hill Richards，Inc.v.Berner729

Notes736

B.Estoppel738

Johnson v.Williford738

Notes742

Note on the Government as Plaintiff746

C.Laches and Statutes of Limitations748

Saffron v.Department of the Navy749

Shell v.Strong752

Notes756

Chapter 10.Attorneys’ Fees759

A.The Power of the Court to Award Attorneys’ Fees760

Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Paying the Attorneys760

Brandt v.Superior Court762

Notes767

B.The Parties That Congress Has Made Eligible for Attorneys’Fees767

Texas State Teachers Association v.Garland Independent School District768

B.The Parties That Congress Has Made Eligible for Attorneys’ Fees—Continued772

Notes772

C.The Measure of the Fees775

1.What Work Is Compensable？776

Sullivan v.Hudson776

Notes784

2.The Rate of Compensation785

（a） Superior Performance786

（b） Risk of Loss Contingency787

（c） Contingency Fee Contract789

Notes790

D.Conflicts of Interest792

In re Fine Paper Antitrust Litigation792

Notes798

Evans v.Jeff D799

Notes805

Appendix808

Addendum：Missouri v.Jenkins821

INDEX841